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The two parts of the question are really probing the same issue - do you know what c is and how to group rests and notes into its beat unit?   c is another way of writing 4/4 time which means notes and rests must be grouped into 4 quarter note (crotchet) beats within the bar.

The last bar first need a half beat rest to complete the first, then a beat rest to complete the first two beats of the bar. The final two beats could be written as 2 separate one beat rests, but the better solution is to complete the bar with a two beat rest - in four time, there is always the sense of the bar being divided into two halves of two beats each.

Notes simply have to be rebeamed   into one crotchet beat groups so the four beats are immediately obvious to the reader, enabling them to time each grouping to the underlying pulse/beat.